Procurement

• Building construction, purchase and management
• Supply of materials and services
• Energy supply
• Product storage
• Further training for employees in procurement

Production

• Location of material use
• Product as result of production
• Development of services
• Transport between different production sites
• Storage of (intermediate) products
• Transport as service product
• Employee behaviour in production

Marketing

• Use of buildings for representational purposes
• Marketing of used materials or services of product
• Product and service marketing
• Marketing of production methods
• Short and climate friendly transport routes as competitive differentiation (“From the region for the region”)
• Human resource marketing

Sales and distribution

• Storage facilities
• Delivery of products & materials
• Transport between different production sites Storage of intermediate products
• Transport and logistical processes

Research and development

• Material optimisation
• Product optimization through research
• Development of new transport and packaging systems
• Code of ethics for R & D workers

Human resources

• Employee identification
• Development of employee incentive systems

Costs

• Need for new space due to degradation or other costs from lower productivity rates
• Decreasing maintenance costs through new site development
• Decreasing restoration costs and/or decreasing offset costs
• Cost reduction by long-term supplier relationships (biodiver sity-oriented supply chain management)
• Cost reduction by taking advantage of new sources of income (for example, subsidies for using resour-ces from traditional cultivation)
• Reduced product cost by altering product design
• Decreasing production costs (for example, by means of energy efficiency, processes enabling the substitution of rare resources)
• Decreasing costs for transport and storage (for example, by increasing energy efficiency)
• Decreasing personnel costs by en-couraging long-term commitment and higher levels of employee motivation

Sales and price

• Appreciation or retention of real estate value (for example, by avoidance of contaminated sites, etc.)
• Increasing sales by passing on lower costs & improving differentiation (new product lines with value added biodiversity protection)
• Sales from new by-products
• Increasing sales brought on by sales activities of confident employees

Risk mitigation

• Risk of increasing operational costs (for example, due to higher energy prices)
• Risk of rising costs or the loss of non-renewable production factors such as fertile ground or fresh water
• Risk of company-damaging NGO campaigns against the product
• Risk of rising energy costs Production breakdown caused by NGO blockade
• Risk of rising fuel costs
• Reduction of accident risks through higher employee motivation and less dangerous production

Reputation

• Reputation improvement by constructing buildings that preserve biodiversity
• Reputation gain due to the usage of biodegradable materials
• The ecological performance of the product may cause a gain in reputation
• Reputation gain by reconfiguration/optimizing of production & through climate friendly local production with short transport routes
• Reputation gain due to higher employee loyalty

Innovation

• Working environment can enhance employee creativity
• Chance for usage of new (and cheaper or better) materials
• Development of new innovative products
• Innovative production processes (for example, through the use of micro-organisms instead of chemical processes)
• Development of new packaging systems or product distribution channels
• Interesting work content as employee motivation

Business model

• Site development as business model (for example, “green roofs”)
• New financial models in the finance sector through differentiation or region
• New product-service combinations as basis for new business model
• Employee volunteering as part of business model

Habitat transformation

• Space required for buildings
• Habitat fragmentation
• Area and volume requirements of the project
• Land needed for production facilities
• Discharge of heated waste water
• Space required for roads and storage
• Roads and pipelines cross migratory species routes
• Habitats constructed in an employee volunteering project

Climate change

• Power demand and CO2 emissions of buildings
• Ground storage of CO2
• Power demand and CO2 emissions
• Reduction of carbon sinks in production of raw materials
• Power demand and product CO2 emissions
• Ozone-depleting substances in products
• Power demand and CO2 emissions caused by transportation
• Employee behaviour impacts power demand and there-fore greenhouse gas emissions

Invasive species (Neobiota)

• Location of site may accommodate invasive species (for example, ragweed)
• Cultivation non-native of new, resources
• Product may lead to spreading of invasive species
• Spreading of invasive species by transport of resources and products
• Employee behaviour has impact on spreading of invasive species

Overexploitation

• Drainage of wetlands
• Erosion caused by agriculture
• Overfishing
• Monoculture
• Homogenization ofagriculture
• Service features and product attributes can have an impact on biodiversity
• Excessively sized facilities may generate increased demand for resources and lead to overexploitation
• Parking space management
• Employee behaviour has impact on biodiversity

Pollution

• Release of climate gases from depletion of forests and drainage of wetlands Dust
• Building shadows
• Overfertilisation
• Waste water
• Product usage may cause emissions (for example, waste water, noise, air p ollutants)
• Product as waste
• Emissions caused by production
• Separation of oil
• Detergent and waste water
• Particulate matter
• Emissions employee travel