Tropical forests are threatened by the distinctly different processes of deforestation and forest degradation. While deforestation involves the conversion of forests to another land use type, degradation results in forests that have lost some of their ability to provide environmental goods and services. In economic terms, deforestation tends to be associated with investments in other land uses, mainly agriculture, whereas degradation tends to be linked to short-term extraction of forest rents or wildfires. Forest degradation translates into losses of biodiversity, reduced capacity of forests to provide the full spectrum of goods and services, enhanced likelihoods of subsequent deforestation, and reduced resilience and adaptation potential to climate change. more[...]
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has called climate change “the defining challenge of our time” – for good reasons. Climate change is the most pressing and disruptive issue the world is facing today. It affects every aspect of society, from energy resources and water sustainability to public health, food security, and even human security. more[...]
Multinational companies face huge challenges in countries they operate in, from human rights to the growing need for transparency and responsibility, from respect for the environment to the fight against poverty and the promotion of fair labor practices. Oil and gas companies operate in some of the most challenging places on earth, where they can have an important impact on local communities and on the environment due to the nature of their operations. Furthermore, they manage energy resources that are deeply connected to the economy of a country, and they cope with a public sector that often looks for the support from the private sector to guarantee an improvement of development standards. more[...]
There is now little doubt that humans will be forced to adapt to the impacts of a warming world. There is also little doubt that the poorest people in the poorest countries will bear most of the burden of adapting to climate consequences they had almost no role in creating.(2) As the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has explained, “In the Netherlands, people are investing in homes that can float on water. more[...]
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